Disadvantages of Labor Unions Essay

Ever since their initial establishment, there has been much dispute whether labor unions are a positive or negative social economic force in the United States. There are many disadvantages that labor unions pose on the individual, the organization, and society as a whole. This paper discusses the negative effect of having labor Unions in the United States. The union’s top weapons, strikes, can be self-disastrous. The reason being is that â€Å"employers of striking workers have the legal right to continue to operate their business with permanent replacement employees who need not be discharged once the strike ends.† In this case, employees on strike are not eligible to return since their previous jobs have been occupied. They would then have to wait until there is eventually an employment vacancy, if any. Striking employees also will destroy people’s every day routines and habits. On December 20, 2005, The Transport Workers Union Local 100 in New York City went on strike. New York City Transit Authority personal had observed the strike. The 2005 strike, which took place during the busiest shopping week of the year, had significantly affected the local economy since many people had then chosen to avoid shopping in New York. These shoppers chose to shop online, or postpone shopping. The strike was ended on Tuesday, December 27, 2005. The number of strikes and their effectiveness has decreased tremendously. The following figure from Hunter’s report, taken from the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, provides us with the evidence: Walter Williams, professor of economics at George Mason University, emphasizes the above in his article â€Å"Where Union Power Lies†. He gives an example of the failed â€Å"air-traffic controllers’ strike during the Reagan administration†. The union in this case was simply not able to prevent the Federal Aviation Administration from employing new workers. Unfortunately, in such instances, unions may tend to violence as a means of eliminating competition. Williams illustrates this during several incidents. Back in 1987, the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers struck an Anchorage Alaska utility plant. Non-striking workers were routinely attacked and had their tires slashed. One employee had to move after union members threatened to rape and murder his wife. In his report â€Å"Freedom from Union Violence† released by Cato Institute, David Kendrick, program director at the National Institute for Labor Relations Research, affirms that there have been 8,799 incidents of violence reported since 1975, with only 258 convictions. Obviously this first disadvantage of union representation impacts not only the individual, but the organization through acts of vandalism and society by victimizing innocent people. Another disadvantage of union representation is discussed by Hunter as â€Å"loss of individuality†. When a union is an exclusive employee representative in a workplace, the employees then become part of a collective bargaining unit where the majority rules. This majority may not be concerned with the individual needs or demands of each employee. Individual agreements between employees and management are not allowed because each employee has to deal with the union. After all, members of a union become part of a collective bargaining unit in which the majority rules, regardless of any affiliate’s best interests. Union leaders often operate based on their self-interest, which basically means expanding union membership regardless of the members’ benefits; they do so to gain more power and even enjoy some of the extra money. Hunter states â€Å"Loss of individuality is of prime concern for many employees, as well as the loss of the opportunity to negotiate for themselves an individual arrangement†. Student assistants at Yale asked to be heard as individuals and not part of a union as they didn’t see union representation as beneficial. Hockfield commented â€Å"†¦individual voices are more effective than that of a union.† â€Å"Many faculty members voiced concerns about the implications of unionization, asking questions about strikes, union dues, and the loss of individuality. Loss of individuality is inevitable when labor unions represent a majority. Another disadvantage of union representation that Hunter discusses is â€Å"cost to employees†. Collective bargaining units require all employees to support the union financially as a condition of their employment. â€Å"Federal law provides that employees may, regardless of the language in the agreement, opt not to formally join the union; however, they may still be required to pay certain dues and initiation fees.† Every union member is required to financially support the union by paying dues, and can face penalties that amount to his/her discharge for failing to do so. That is, the union can demand the discharge of any employee who fails to pay required dues and fees, unless a right-to-work law has been enacted in the state where the business operates. The costs of union membership differ but the average Michigan union employee pays hundreds of dollars in dues a year. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, â€Å"In 2007, 30 states and the District of Columbia had union membership rates below that of the U.S. average, 12.1 percent, while 20 states had higher rates.† That means that the average cost to union members is above 12.1%. This union representation can be quite costly to employees and in some cases defeats the purpose of fringe benefits. Other disadvantages of labor unions that Hunter argued is â€Å"Penalties by labor unions† employee can be fined or disciplined for involving in activities that violate union code. Such activities include, but are not limited to: crossing strike picket lines, surpassing set production quotas, and seeking representation by other unions. Unfortunately for union workers, these fines are enforced by the law. This is not the case however for nonunion employees who are exempt from all the declared restrictions. Although Robert Hunter raises excellent points, disadvantages of union representation exceed the individual to adversely affect the society and the economy. With regards to society, Terry Moe, underlines in his article â€Å"EDUCATION: Taking on the Unions† that the teachers’ union have interests that are â€Å"often in conflict with the public interest†. Moe raises the concern that the union does not permit the riddance or even the evaluation of bad teachers, which apparently is not good for the kids and schools. As for the economy and organizations, Thomas Sowell touches on this issue by explaining that union contracts have helped put American automakers at a disadvantage compared to its Japanese competitors, resulting in General Motors â€Å"going from selling about half the cars in the country to selling about one quarter today†. The UAW simply did not exhibit flexibility at a time when change was needed most. The consequences were terrible to the econ omy and organizations like The Auto industry: numerous plants closing, hundreds of thousands of employees being laid off, the moving of plants to states that have no union control, and the moving of plants overseas. From all of the above, it is easy to conclude that labor unions are a negative social economic force in the United States. Unions simply forgot their main purpose of existence which is to be fair to all parties: workers, companies, and the society. Instead, unions have become like businesses interested in maximizing membership count regardless of consequences. That is why the unionized share of the total U.S. labor force has declined tremendously since the 1970s till our present day. According to Richard Vedder, distinguished professor of economics at Ohio University, replied in an interview with The Austrian Economics Newsletter by â€Å"Americans now realize that we don’t need labor unions† The continuous decline in union membership over the past years serves only to solidify Vedder’s statement. Also, according to Hunter, â€Å"the labor movement will have to add nearly 700,000 members per year just to maintain its current levels of employee representationâ₠¬ .

Individuals with dementia Essay

Together these legislations formed the fundamental rights and freedom of an individual. These affect the rights of everyday life of an individual including what they can say and do, their beliefs, right not to be tortured and right to a fair trial. These rights have limits to ensure that it does not damage other people’s rights. 1.2 – evaluate agreed ways of working that relate to rights and choices of an individual with dementia Policies and procedures in the care home including: Mission Statement Health and Safety Risk Assessment Safeguarding Person Centered Care Planning Equality Policy Complaints Procedure Safety and Security Anti-Discrimination Moving and Handling see more:enable rights and choices of individuals with dementia whilst minimising risks 1.3 – explain how and when personal information may be shared with carers and others, taking into account legislative frameworks and agreed ways of working The law of confidence protects people from having their personal information shared against their wishes. If a person gives private information to another person or organisation and reasonably expects that information to be kept confidential, they can take legal action if  information is passed on without their consent. The threat of legal action may cause staff about disclosing personal guidance states that personal information given to social workers by a service user should be kept confidential and only disclosed where this could be in the public interest, where there is risk or where there is a legal obligation to disclose information about a service user. Doctors have a duty of confidentiality to their patients. Generally personal information may only be disclosed, even to a persons close family, if he or she consents. This duty of confidentiality can be breached if there is a strong need to do so in the â€Å"public interest† or in the interest of the patient. A doctor may choose to breach confidentiality if they foresee harm to a patient or others. The British Association of Social Workers ethical guidance states that personal information given to social workers by a service user should be kept confidential and only disclosed where this could be in the public interest, where there is risk or where there is a legal obligation to disclose. 2.1 – demonstrate that the best interests of an individual with dementia are considered when planning and delivering care and support This is a tricky thing to provide as the individuals wishes may not be the same as what is in their best interest. This is a system that can be used which usually involves a best interest meeting which should involve the individuals family, carers, Dr or any specialists involved, in this meeting decisions can be made when everyone agrees on what is best for the individual. 2.2 – demonstrate how an individual with dementia can be enabled to exercise their rights and choices even when a decision has not been deemed to be in their best interests 2.3 – explain why it is important not to assume that an individual with dementia cannot make their own decisions 2.4 – describe how the ability of an individual with dementia to make decisions may fluctuate 3.2 – describe how a conflict of interest can be addressed between the carer and an individual with dementia whilst balancing rights, choices and risk 3.3 – describe how to ensure an individual with dementia, carers and others feel able to complain without fear of retribution 4.1 – describe how to maintain privacy and dignity when providing personal  support for intimate care to an individual with dementia

Addiction Definition Essay

Teens all across the world are facing addiction; they are becoming addicted to drugs and alcohol. It’s happening right under our noses whether they are getting it from their house, grocery stores & pharmacies, even at schools and parties. Teen addiction comes with a lot of consequences anywhere from jail time to even death. It is important to watch for signs such as blood shot eyes, knowing how to prevent it from happening in your teens life, find out all the treatment plans for you teen if it comes down to it. There are a number of resource’s out there to help you with talking to your teen. â€Å"People experiment with drugs for many different reasons. Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem, such as stress, anxiety, or depression.† (Robinson, Lawrence, Smith, Melinda, M.A., Saisan, Joanna, M.S.W., 2013, Drug Abuse & Addiction,). Teens start abusing drugs and/or getting addicted to drugs in stressful situations such as moving to a different city or state, changing schools, parents getting divorced, as well as being abused physically, mentally, sexually, emotionally. As well as hanging out with the wrong crowd can make your teen get into addiction with drugs and alcohol. Situations like this can make teens start to experiment with drugs and alcohol. The most common signs of drug addiction in teens is they always have bloodshot eyes, using eye drops to mask what’s really going on with them. One of the biggest signs is probably missing class; grades are starting to go down, & getting into trouble at school. Money and valuables missing from the house; some other signs can be signs of addiction are not acting like themselves or behaving rather weird. Loss of interest in things they once loved such as hobbies, being with friends and families, school. How can you prevent addiction or drug use in a teen? Speaking with your teen about the addiction to drugs and how it can affect them in the future may prolong the use of it. Sometimes that’s not always enough for some teens! â€Å"That’s why delaying the age of first use of alcohol and a drug is a critical goal of prevention. However, other protective factors, especially proactive parenting and strong family bonds, can help delay adolescents’ experimentation with drugs and alcohol and thus help reduce long-term problems.† (Author Unknown, Preventing adolescent substance abuse). Having a strong family bond with your children, always be in their life as much as possible can prevent them from touching that first drink or smoke that first blunt. Preventing teen addiction should be from different sources just not from parents or family, but schools should have something every year that explains the risks and dangers of addictions. My dad started using drugs when he was a teenager got addicted to coke and then he met my mom stopped using for a while. Then all of a sudden he’d take me and my sister to his drug house to get high off of whatever was there that day, I seen how messed up it made my family and how badly it hurt my mom to find out that my sister and I were being exposed to drugs at this drug house. My dad’s addiction tore my family apart because shortly after this my parents got a divorced and then on November 28 1998 he passed away from a brain aneurysm due to the long term drug use. I had to beat the stereotype that since my dad was a drug addict that I would be one too. I stayed focused on graduating on time, spent time with my family and friends that were good for me, as well as be being aware of what my dad went through and how he passed away too early. â€Å"The most important thing that can be done for teenagers who have an addiction problem is to ensure that they are able to get treatment for their problems, and getting the right treatment that will help them overcome their addiction. Although many of the options that are used for treating addiction among adults can be successful in treating teenagers, there are a number of additional things that will be of great help to teenagers trying to overcome their addictions.† (Author Unknown, Treatment options for Teenage Addicts, 2009-2013,) There are so many treatment centers and â€Å"cures† for any kind of addiction, but what one is the right one for you and your family? Is it to put your teen into rehab to get over their addiction or is it to just let them sit in jail and detox from whatever job they are on that’s just if they get caught. Or would you rather find out that your child is dead because of a drug over dose? Drug treatment programs could help for many reasons they provide general therapy, awareness, and education on getting treated for addiction. Counseling sits the addicted person down and makes them realize what they dealing with as far as drugs. There are also many drugs that doctors say â€Å"help with addiction† but I don’t know how true that is for a teenager that’s dealing with addiction. There are so many different types of treatment for addictions those were just to name a few. If your teen is suffering from addiction get them help fast from any of the above treatments. Teens all across the world are dealing with this deadly thing called addiction whether it’s from drugs or alcohol to even social media addiction to sex. There are ways to see if your teen has signs of addiction by their attitude, to their lack of attendance in school, to their bloodshot eyes. There are so many types of preventions for your teen, having a strong family bond, to being active in your teen’s life (even though it can be hard at times when it comes to teens and their parents). If your teen is suffering from addiction and you’d like to get them help there are drug treatment programs, counseling, medications, self-help groups, rehab, and possibly jail time if caught. Teens shouldn’t have to go through this alone. Reference page Preventing Adolescent Substance Abuse (2013) http://www.hazelden.org/web/public/substance_abuse_prevention.page Robinson, Lawrence, Saisan, Joanna, M.S.W., Smith, Melinda, M.A (2013). Drugs Abuse & Addiction, http://www.helpguide.org/mental/drug_substance_abuse_addiction_signs_effects_treatments.htm#top Treatment Options for Teenage Addiction, (2009-2013), http://www.troubledteensparenting.com/treatment-options-for-teenage-addicts.php

The analysis of the non-store retailing sector in the UK Essay

The analysis of the non-store retailing sector in the UK - Essay Example Political Environment In the former years, the retail sector was recorded to fall significantly although the non-store retail sector was identified to grow with record hikes. One of the fundamental reasons was the fluctuations in the political environment of the UK. This depicts that political factors have a significant influence on retailing sector of UK but has a minimum affect on the non-store retailing sector. Economical Environment The economic factors have a significant impact on non-store retailing sector. The current trend in the economic environment of UK is identified to have rising tax rates by 20%, decreasing employment rates as well as increasing inflation that can cause significant turmoil to the venture in terms of fluctuating demands. Social Environment The social indicators of the UK depict to support the non-store retail segment to a large extent. The current trend in the industry reveals that shoppers are increasingly tending to consume products/services through non-store channels developing UK retail market to be among the largest online markets of the world. (Pinnington, 2011). Technological Environment The non-store retailing sector is largely depended on the technological factors in terms of internet marketing and machineries that support vending out of stores. Currently, the technology industry in UK is witnessed to grow significantly that in turn provides substantial support and opportunities to the non-store retail business (Robinson, 2010). 1.1.2. Product Feasibility: SWOT Analysis Strengths: Are available at cheaper rates than hardbacks Convenient while travelling and are also referred to as travel books (Shaffer & O'Donnell, 2011) Weaknesses: These products have a significant demand among individual customers but are no t quite favoured by library customers Are considered to have inefficient quality assurance in comparison to hardbacks (Shaffer & O'Donnell, 2011) Opportunities: Increasing demand for cheap products in the book publishing industry Lower production cost in comparison to hardbacks Can be distributed through various channels rather than only through retail stores (Shaffer & O'Donnell, 2011) Threats: The rising significance and demand for e-books are notably among the biggest threats of the paperbacks

Perform a Limited Risk Managment Study Coursework - 1

Perform a Limited Risk Managment Study - Coursework Example Privacy invasion: Using P2P networks or applications may give unauthorized users access to personal data either, by accessing personal directories or users give private information to whom they believe to be a trusted source or organization. When Medical or financial information, sensitive individual or corporate data is compromised, users are vulnerable to identity theft (Bidgoli, 2004). Vulnerability: Several P2P networks and applications ask users to open certain ports on the computers firewall to share files. Opening this ports provide attackers with channels to attack the user’s computer by utilizing any susceptibilities that may exist in the P2P connection. Service Denial: Downloading media files raise the capacity of traffic across the network. This may restrain the user’s internet access or inhibit the availability of certain applications in the user’s computer. The best ways to avoid these risks is by refraining from P2P networks and applications, but if a user insists on using them, they should have a proper and up to date antivirus program and they should have installed and enabled a firewall on their

Enjoying horror movies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enjoying horror movies - Article Example Furthermore a person does not literally experience the brutality but is more of enjoying the pain that another person in undergoing. Torture porn is fairly a new concept that has emerged in recent times. It claims that, it is human nature to enjoy the suffering of another. When we see another person suffer it helps us arouse psychological feelings such as curiosity and anxiety which causes comfort to see someone else in pain. Furthermore these movies are merely exaggeration and mostly do not have any practicality linked to them. The only thing that attracts people is the persona that it tends to creates in other words it craves the scare or merely develops feelings which excite a person. Aesthetically horror movies tend to polish the feelings of fear in a person. Pleasure is sought by watching something scary. At times horror movies become more than an obsession than source of pleasure. It has been observed that the young generation is mostly fond of watching horror movies the reason remains very obvious that young individuals are undergoing a constant process of developing physically and psychologically. When they watch such movies it helps them to transform the hormones which are in excess. Apart from this horror movies are a way of expressing emotions. Those who prefer watching horror movies enjoy the most frightening scenes as it enhances their overall experience. Another reason why people love to watch horror movies is that when individuals watch such movies they engage in some sort of pleasure that arouses their psychological state developing anxiety and curiosity which I mentioned earlier. But these movies do not have any reality and thus no risk of life or anything else. Although there are many negatives such as long lasting impact on the mind of individuals or developing phobias but usually those who enjoy such movies tend to ignore the adverse effects. It is also said that individuals tends to engage in watching such movies because when people watch t hese horror movies eventually they engross in terror for the sake of acquiring euphoric sort of relief in the end.(University of Chicago Journals) Through such movies a viewer tends to experience two emotional states at the same time that is being happy and unhappy. This weird combination enthralls the human mind and does the work of a sedate which relaxes the human mind. Some also believe that love for horror and stab is inborn as the darker side of an individual encourages them to enjoy filth and pain. Some individuals also believe that gender and gender bending also contributes in the enjoyment of horror movies. Masochistic tendency is also very common amongst people these days. The sexual gratification one acquires which watching physical and mental abuse tends to encourage and attract individuals to watch such movies. One of the most common reasons why people enjoy watching horror movies is that it allows them to escape from reality, their everyday lives to a world full of exci tement and anticipation causing a change in emotions and state. The rushes of adrenaline that occurs in the body makes people enjoy the far and treachery. These movies can act as a positive reinforcement to release tension and pressure without the fear of any practical damage what so ever.

Business strategy in financila services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business strategy in financila services - Essay Example A host of modern pharmaceutical companies all started out as Rhine-based family dyestuff and chemical companies e.g. Hoffman-La Roche, Sandoz, Ciba-Geigy (the product of a merger between Ciba and Geigy), and Novartis1 etc. Most are still going strong today2. Over time many of these chemical companies moved into the production of pharmaceuticals and other synthetic chemicals and they gradually evolved into global players. There are certain factors like the introduction of the penicillin during the late 1940s, its success and relative success of many other innovative drugs which actually institutionalized the efforts of research and development (R&D) in the pharmaceutical industry. The industry expanded rapidly in the sixties, benefiting from new discoveries and a lax regulatory environment. During this period healthcare spending boomed as global economies prospered. The industry witnessed major developments in the seventies with the introduction of tighter regulatory controls, especially with the introduction of regulations governing the manufacture of 'generics'3. The new regulations revoked permanent patents and established fixed periods on patent protection for branded products, a result of which the market for 'branded generics'4 emerged. PESTLE Analysis PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the "big picture" of the environment, in which you are operating, and the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which you operate (external to your company or department), you can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats (RAPIDBI). Specifically the PEST or PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business or organization. Technological advancements, tighter regulatory-compliance overheads, rafts of patent expiries and volatile investor confidence have made the modern pharmaceutical industry an increasingly tough and competitive environment. An analysis of the structure of the pharmaceutical industry using the PEST (political, economic, social and technological) model (Susanne, 2004) is given below. Increasing Political Attention Over the years, the pharmaceutical industry has witnessed increased political attention due to the increased recognition of the economic importance of healthcare as a component of social welfare. Political interest has also been generated because of the increasing social and financial burden of healthcare. Examples are the UK's National Health Service debate and Medicare in the US. Increased Economic Value During the year 2003, there were many high value mergers and acquisitions which were witnessed by the global pharmaceutical industry. With a projected stock value growth rate of 10.5% (2003-2010) and Health Care growth rate of 12.5% (2003-2010), the audited value of the global pharmaceutical market is estimated to reach a huge 500 billion dollars by 2004. Only information technology has a higher expected growth rate of 12.6%. Majority of

Reading notes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading notes - Article Example For instance, doctors and lawyers do have diversified codes that suit their fields, but a professor from a business school tends to embrace the claim by Milton Friedman that maximization of profits is the major responsibility or intention of any business. The third outcome of learning is the revelation that there are clear-cut differences between medicine and practicing management. They argue that there is no professional body that is self-regulating and has the chance to monopolize anyone’s entry into the profession. The verbatim phrase from the book is as below stated; More so, it has revealed that it is not necessary for leaders or individuals to have an MBA to be successful leaders in the society. A good example is Bill Gates who has several doodles without any formal training in the same field or related field. The sentence from the book in verbatim is: â€Å"The value of the MBA is that one has successfully completed the rigorous and formal process of learning the critical and analytical thinking required of

CTE 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CTE 3 - Essay Example The Syrian opposition accused the Syrian government of shelling that led to the mass killing. When asked, the government of Syria denied the responsibility and referred to the accusations as baseless allegations, though the accounts could not be verified because of the restricted observers and journalists. â€Å"Those responsible for perpetrating these crimes must be held to account. We cannot allow mass killing to become part of everyday reality in Syria† (Annan cited in Khan, 2012). Last year, commencement of the street uprising among the Syrians has led to the development of a scattered and sprawling force of opposition that attempted to bring the President’s regime down. The White House spokesman Jay Carney noticed elements of threat for the US in the uprisings that he revealed in these words, â€Å"We’ve certainly noted that there are some elements of the opposition that are not necessarily friendly to the United States. They do not make up the bulk of the opposition, and the opposition is not entirely unified, as you know† (Carney cited in Childress, 2012). In December 2012, the US joined the Gulf states, France, Turkey, and Britain to formally identify the opposition of Syria in the National Coalition as Syrian people’s legitimate representative (BBC, 2013). Syria and Turkey have placed ban on providing air space to each other’s planes after five civilians were killed as a result of the Syrian mortar fire on the border of Turkey. President Obama then said that the National Coalition includes and represents the big step. Syria has an effective program of research and development in the area of nuclear energy. Syria is working with Russia and China to develop a program of civilian nuclear energy. In addition to that, in spite of the fact that Syria has signed the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Syria has not yet signed the Additional Protocol NPT. Likewise, Syria has not signed the Chemical Weapons Convention. Currently, Syria is running a

Data base Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Data base - Essay Example of units, covered semester and type of subject if major or minor type. 1. Click the NEW BUTTON then fill up the necessary information in the text box, after you finish the entry click the Save Button. 2. To open / edit the existing Module double click the row in the database listing then edit the information then click the update or delete. Inventory Menu This menu allows the user to add and view any inventory materials in a given room or facilities. This also help for easy monitoring of number of facilities and materials to be issued to staff members also. 1. Click the NEW BUTTON then fill up the necessary information in the text box, after you finish the entry click the Save Button. 2. To open / edit the existing Module double click the row in the database listing then edit the information then click the update button or delete button. Registration Entry In this window the user can view the students course with its corresponding subjects and units informations given to them in a semester during the enrolment. In this, will load the entire module schedule of the student during the registration. 1. Click the student button to select the student to register. 2. Click the add button then a new row will be added to the msflexgrid data 3. Double click the row to select the module available. 4. You can also navigate the available program on the lower part of this entry then you can click the load all button to load the entire module schedule in the student registration. 5. After you finish click the save button Back Up In case of database error arises there's a backup database to restore. Choose the Folder where you will store you back up...In this, will load the entire module schedule of the student during the registration. Set rst = de.cn.Execute("SELECT stschedule.*,(Student.level) as rlevel,Student.height, Student.course, Student.depart, Student.level, Student.lname, Student.fname, Student.mname FROM stschedule INNER JOIN Student ON stschedule.idno = Student.idno Where stschedule.idno =" & search1 & " ")

Problem Question Aviator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Problem Question Aviator - Essay Example (An Airprox is a situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or a controller, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved was or may have been compromised.( UK Airprox Board available at http://www.airproxboard.org.uk/). The private pilot Jack should first of all be advised about the above disastrous effects that could have been caused by his actions of omission and commission which can be classed as those ranging from negligence, and breach of duty to downright vandalism. The potential liabilities due to various infringements have been examined and are as listed below:- i) The following provisions specified in Part A of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of anyone of which can, as per Article 148(5), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding Level 4 on the standard scale. ii) The following provisions specified in Part B of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of anyone of which can, as per Article 148(6), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum and on conviction on indictment to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both. iii) The following provision specified in Part C of Schedule 14 to Article 148 , contravention of of which can, as per Article 148(7), carry a summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum and on conviction on indictment to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or both. i) Jack is liable for disciplinary action, including revoking/suspension of his personnel license from the CAA for prima facie infringement of the following condition specified in paragraph 1.175 of JAR–FCL 1. â€Å"Circumstances in which an IR(A) is required (a) The holder of a

The Chief Operations Officer’s Essay Example for Free

The Chief Operations Officer’s Essay The Chief Operations Officer’s role focuses on the execution of day-to-day operations and oversight of all the departments; to include morale, welfare, and employee conduct in the company. In order for the company to successfully prepare for an Initial Public Offering we will need to revise the employee handbook, resolve some specific internal employee matters and implement a whistleblower policy. Employment-at-will refers to common law which holds employees that work for an unspecified time period work at the will of their employers and employment can be dismissed any time (Zachary, 2012, p. 25), for good cause, bad cause or no cause, by either the employer or the employee. Some exceptions of dismissal for employment-at-will include discrimination against race, national origin, color, religion, sex, age, and disability, other exceptions are wrongful discharge in violation of public policy or breach of contract, the promise of â€Å"good faith and fair dealing† in a contract of employment or suggesting contractual requirements based off of the company’s handbook or policy statement (Halbert Ingulli, 2012, p. 50), and tort whether the policy is found in legislation, constitutions, legal hearings, administrative practices, or other sources (Zachary, 2012, p. 25). The tort law offers the employee the chance to convince a jury to award damages (money awards) for â€Å"wrongful discharge† (Halbert Ingulli, 2012, p. 51). Some state and federal statutes may also prohibit the discharge of employees for their participation in jury duty, filing workers compensation claims, involvement in the union, conducting military duty or certain occurrences in whistle-blowing (Zachary, 2012, p. 21). Our company operates off of voluntary employment; therefore, general counsel reviewed the employment-at-will doctrine and exceptions mentioned above and legal termination is an option for all eight employees based off of either personnel misconduct or violation against our company’s rules and regulations cited in the employee handbook. Table 1, titled, â€Å"Employee Conduct and Rational for Termination or Continued Employment†, illustrates the eight personnel actions under investigation and the decision for termination or continued employment. The decisions to terminate or retain the employees stem from a reflective approach that melds traditional theories and modern theories of ethics. Two particular theories that support the decision are the consequences-based approach which provides the greatest good to the majority of the people, in this case, the company as a whole and the Proactive theory decision based off of recommendations or actions are just from the very start (Harcourt, Hannay, Lam, 2013, p. 312). One of the decision rules from the Proactive theory used is the parity rule which ties all similar actions performed in a similar environment receive the same or similar consequence (Harcourt, et al, 2013, p. 313). If the company is to become successful with the launch of the public offering then employees must be accountable for their actions of misconduct or violations against the company employee handbook. In addition to personnel actions mentioned above, I recommend we adopt a whistleblower policy based off the internal allegations against the accounting department for falsified expense reports and before we take the company public. Implementing a whistleblower policy will provide the employees a voice of the company, reduce monitoring expenses, stimulate additional decision-making (Moberly, 2012, p. 11) among employees, supervisors, and senior management, will protect against illegal conduct and provide greater oversight of company resources and assets (Shackelford, 2009, p. 3). Furthermore, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Stock Exchange issued regulations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that listed companies must provide their Codes of Ethics to the public (Moberly, 2012, p. 19). Our commitment to the workforce is to implement a whistleblower policy that focuses on the three fundamental items of clear guidelines, policies, and procedures (Gould, 2009, p. 3) for reporting organizational misconduct. Our whistleblower policy and Code of Ethics should be included in the revised employee handbook, posted on the company website and a hardcopy distributed and signed by each employee. The policy guidelines should contain our objective and scope of the policy so we can address what we want to accomplish (Shackelford, 2009, p. 3). Our policies will indicate that all employees, hourly to senior level management salary employees, are required to report organizational misconduct and to assist in any investigation by law enforcement or regulatory agency. Step-by-step reporting procedures will also be included in the policy. Employees will have the right to submit the report directly to their first line supervisor unless that individual is involved in the matter then report the situation to the next supervisor in the chain. If employees feel uncomfortable using their direct reporting chain then they can submit the report through the company action hotline, anonymously or directly to the audit committee. The individual’s confidentiality will remain as confidential as practicable (Shackelford, 2009, p. 3). Our company encourages the employees to report the wrongdoing internally through the use of our open-door policy or through the various avenues aforementioned rather than blowing the whistle externally. Our company will not tolerate retaliation against employees reporting wrongdoing or whistleblowing. In conclusion, as the Chief Operations Officer, I reviewed the employment-at-will doctrine, conducted and resolved eight thorough employee investigations that required my immediate attention, and provided background information that supports my recommendation on implementing a whistleblower policy prior to our public offering.

The persuasive speech

The persuasive speech Persuasive Speech Did you know that 50% of kids in foster homes die from child abuse a year? There are a half of a million children in the foster care system. Many people are unaware of this hidden tragedy that happens behind closed doors and away from the public eye. We should take a stand and fight for stricter regulations with Child and Youth when children are placed in foster care. We should advocate tougher laws and guidelines for social workers, foster families and the ?system? that runs it. First, we should talk about the social workers that work for Division and Youth services. The regulations for social workers are poor and unethical. Most states do not have requirements to work in this profession only a high school diploma and the ability to pass a criminal background check. In Pennsylvania, the state does not demand a license for these workers. Social workers believe that their actions they take violates the law but say ?they are necessary to comply with ethical standards. Fredrick Reamer a PHD writes, ?social workers follow their own personal option and reasons of why they do the things they do? and ?believe that the laws are unjust and harmful? (Reamer 1). They are suppose to follow the laws that are in place by our Constitution and by the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics. What gives them the right to be above the law? In my case coming from New Jersey, the social workers came in and took us out for good reasons. In Pennsylvania, my neighbor was going to have her kids taken away because they missed so many days of school. Child and Youth came to her house and demand a reason for this. Jess, my neighbor, told me ? the lady came into my house and yelled at me in front of my kids, calling me an unfit parent and said that they were going to take the kids? (Jess, PI). Children and Family Justice Center says that technique is a criteria and ?see the bully fight as worth having, stand up for despised, demonized, brilliant and tenacious children? (Bernadine Dohrn 1). What should be done with these so called social workers? We should demand that all get a license in this field which requires a masters or a doctrine degree. We should tell the National Association of Social Workers to enforce penalties on those who do not follow the law and ethical standards that are in place to protect the families and children that are innocent. We have to come together as families and protect ourselves and know the laws in our state. Another problem we face is the foster homes and state run facilities. Agencies fail to investigate abuse reports, find permanent homes for children or track children under care. In Pennsylvania a judge wrote, ?In recent years, the system run by DHS and overseen by DPW had repeatedly failed to fulfill its mandates and unfortunately has often jeopardized the welfare of the children in its care? (Rick Thomas 1). Did you know that there are 20,000 kids in foster care in Pennsylvania and 30 percent of them have no prospect of having a permanent home? Or that ?28% of children in foster homes are abused a year and half of them die of abuse? (Donna Devane 1). There is more abuse occurring in foster homes than the general public and it is increasing each year. For example, Gilbreanie Wallace was placed in foster care because her grandmothers house became unlivable when her pipes broke and flooded her house. Instead of Division and Youth helping the family out and finding them another house, they took Gilbreanie and placed her with a family. A few months later, she was killed by the foster mother, who had several complaints against her already and a record of a troubled history. Thousands of children are removed from homes a day, mostly from non-abusive parents. Why does this occur? States receive thousands of dollars for grant money which taxpayers pay from the Federal government when they put children in State Protective Services, foster care or state run facilities. They get even more money if the parental rights are terminated after 15 months. This is destroying families and our country. Innocent families cannot afford the thousand of dollars to get an attorney to defend their rights and by that time it is too late. Even if they are proved to be innocent they are forced into treatment. Devane writes, ?falsely accused families run up the National Defense Budget by 4.1 billion dollars a year? (Devane 1). The taxpayers are left to pay for this bill. What impact does this have on the kids that go through the foster care system and are abused? Children experience separation anxiety disorder, trauma, physical and sexual abuse and sometimes death. It is a scary and traumatic experience being taken away from your family and your home. To be put in a home that sometimes are classified as unfit and not healthy for children to be in. Many states are cracking down on these homes and facilities but it is not enough. California alone had last year ? 3,000 cases of foster care facility problems that were not reported to the state? (Ben Tanzer 1). Lets put a stop this abuse in foster care settings and demand to the government to enforce stricter laws. We should advocate that every state has the same standards in foster and adoptive homes. We should fight for the right to have every person gets background checks before they let children stay with them. The government should have mandatory classes that teach these parents instead of throwing kids at their door with no prior knowledge. The law states in Pennsylvania, ?only a Police Officer is allowed to remove the children from the home and put them into protective custody when their in danger? (Rutherford Institute 1 ). Many states in this country have this law, except a few like New Jersey, where they are allowed to take the children without consent of the parents. So why does Pennsylvania allow social workers to slip through the cracks or have our homes searched without probably cause? We should crack down on the government and stand up for our children. The Federal government should have more investigations on child abuse reports that occur in foster care facilities. The states should start penalizing more homes and facilities that fail to provide promised medical and health services, and not checking children in their care. They should also change their reviews on each case. The Federal law requires a six month review for each child in foster care. We should petition for them to change that review to more frequent ones. I believe this would lessen the children that are waiting for homes. We should also demand that Pennsylvania change their adoption policy to an ?open adoption?. Right now the law states, ?adoption is a closed adoption, where you have no ties and cut from your birth family? (Adam Fleming 1). Many children in foster care do not want to have permanent homes because of them loosing ties with their birth parents. Changing the laws would encourage families and the children to move into permanent homes. The goal with the foster care system is to look after the children and defend them when abuse is at hand. I believe somewhere along the line we got off track and now the government set out to help is destroying our children. Cases that involve birth parents abusing their children should be top priority and the children should be taken out. Social workers and the Federal Government should not try to intervene with parents trying to raise their kids for something they do not like.

Reaction Between Persulphate And Iodide Ions Biology Essay

Reaction Between Persulphate And Iodide Ions Biology Essay Persulphate (S2O82-) is reduced to sulphate (SO42-) in presence of iodide ions (I-) in aqueous solution. While persulphate is being reduced, iodide is being oxidised to iodine. The overall reaction equation being: S2O82- + 2I- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2SO42- + I2 On the other hand, iodine can be converted to iodide in presence of thiosulphate (S2O32-) as follows: I2 + 2S2O32- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ S4O62- + 2I- If iodine indicator is added to the solution a blue colour of the starch-based iodine indicator complex develops after all thiosulphate has been consumed. This is because the starch-based iodine indicator complex is very stable in high concentrations of iodine. The charges transfers and the energy level spacings in the resulting complex correspond to absorptions in the visible part of the spectrum blue. The strength of the resulting blue colour depends on the amount of iodine present. Therefore, the development of the blue colour is useful as it indicates a constant point in the progress of the reaction which can be taken as being representative of the end of the reaction (Practical Booklet p.37). Several kinetic parameters can be easily analysed and determined if those reactions are timed as they progress from start to end, hence the importance of the component time (t) in kinetic studies. By adding a known amount of thiosulphate and iodine indicator, the reaction rate can be determined as it obeys the following rate equation: AIMS This experiment was undertaken to determine the reaction rate, the order of reaction with respect to both iodide and persulphate, and the effect of variation in ionic strength on the rate constant of this reaction. EXPERIMENTAL Methods Procedures An exact copy of the methods provided in the practical booklet is attached to this document as no deviations were made from those given. RESULTS Reaction Time t (min:sec) Tim t (seconds) 1 19:32 1172 2 9:45 585 3 9:58 598 4 25:20 1520 5 33:30 2010 Table Timing of reaction from the exact time of mixing to the time of the blue colour appearance Treatment of results Reaction Solution A Solution B ( + 0.5g iodine indicator) [KI] (mol cm-3) [Na2S2O3] (mol cm-3) [KCl] (mol cm-3) [K2S2O8] (mol cm-3) H2O (cm3) 1 0.05 0.0005 0.100 0.004 25.0 2 0.10 0.0005 0.050 0.004 22.5 3 0.05 0.0005 0.088 0.008 15.6 4 0.05 0.0005 0.050 0.004 27.5 5 0.05 0.0005 0.000 0.004 30.0 Table Concentrations of all substances in the final reaction mixture and water volume to account for dilution to a 50cm-3 final volume. From the rate equation of this reaction: Interpreting the above results, doubling [I-] while keeping [S2O82-] constant doubles the rate of reaction halves t (time of appearance of the blue colour). Doubling [S2O82-] while keeping [I-] constant, also doubles the rate of reaction. The below equation gives the relationship of the variation of rate constant (k) with ionic strength (I): This equation is of type , where k0 is the limiting value of the rate constant at zero ionic strength. where zA and zB are the charges of the two ions involved in the rate-determining step at low ionic strengths. Since [I-] remains constant during each kinetic run, the integrated rate equation is: where a and (a-x) represent [S2O82-] at times t = 0 and t = t respectively. Making k the subject: Hence, for reactions 1, 4 and 5: Per 2 moles of S2O32- consumed 1 mole of S2O82- oxidises iodide because any iodine produced is converted back to iodide until all thiosulphate is consumed. Therefore, adding a known amount of thiosulphate allows to determine the concentration of persulphate at the end of the reaction, when t=t. From 0.0005 mol cm-3 of S2O32- consumed, 0.0005/2 = 0.00025 mol cm-3 of S2O82- were consumed. Therefore the remaining persulphate at the end of reaction = 0.0040 0.00025 = 0.00375 mol cm-3 For reaction 2: For reaction 3: At the start of this run [S2O82-] = 0.00800 mol cm-3 and [S2O32-] = 0.0005 mol cm-3. At the end of the reaction 0.0005/2 = 0.00025 mol cm-3 of S2O82- were consumed. Hence, from the initial concentration of S2O82-: 0.00800 0.00025 = 0.00775 mol cm-3 of S2O82- were present at t=t. Rate Constant Determination The value of k can now be calculated for each mixture. The values were calculated and recorded in the table below: Reaction Rate Constant (k) / mol cm-3s-1 1 2 3 4 5 Table Values of k constant for each reaction mixture Calculation sample: For reaction 1: t = 1172 s Ionic Strength Determination The contribution of each electrolyte to the total ionic strength is given by: Taking into account the dilution of the final volume to 50 cm3 of all electrolytes, and knowing that for 1:1 electrolytes, I=concentration, and for 2:1 electrolytes, I= 3 x concentration. Hence, for these mixtures: The ionic strength was calculated and recorded in the table below: Reaction Ionic Strength (I) / mol cm-3 1 0.164 2 0.164 3 0.164 4 0.114 5 0.0635 Table Ionic Strength per each reaction Sample calculation: Calculation of B and k0 In order to determine B and k0 a plot of v.s. logk was plotted. Reaction k(mol cm-3s-1) Logk(mol cm-3s-1) I(mol cm-3) 1 -2.96 0.164 0.288 2 -2.96 0.164 0.288 3 -2.97 0.164 0.288 4 -3.07 0.114 0.252 5 -3.19 0.0635 0.201 Table k constant and ionic strength for each reaction Graph Correlation between logk and ionic strength The correlation is given as being y = 2.6305x 3.7229. Hence: logK0= -3.72 mol cm-3 s-1 k0= mol cm-3 s-1 k0= mol dm-3 s-1 B = 2.63 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ Calculation DISCUSSION (Questions) As stated above: (..) doubling [I-] while keeping [S2O82-] constant doubles the rate of reaction halves t (time of appearance of the blue colour). Doubling [S2O82-] while keeping [I-] constant, also doubles the rate of reaction. Hence, in the rate equation: x= 1 and y=1. The reaction is of first order with respect to and with respect to . As a result, the overall rate of reaction is x+y=2. The overall rate of reaction is of second order in which the rate determining step is: S2O82- + I- à   IS2O83- This is consistent with the rate observed experimentally by comparing mixtures 1 to 2 and 1 to 3. The value of B (2.63) is rather high in comparison with the theoretical value but of same magnitude. As stated above, B is given by where zA and zB are the charges of the two ions involved in the rate-determining step. Hence, theoretically . The value of k0 determined experimentally is rather low in comparison to the published value. k0= mol dm-3 s-1 Published value: mol dm-3 s-1 Some source of error must have influenced this result. Perhaps wrong timing and contaminated glassware would allow a rather faster/slower reaction which results in a different rate constant (k). (Answer to Q1 above.) The ionic strength is the same for reactions 1, 2 and 3. Reaction 4 shows a characteristic ionic strength for the concentrations of ions present in the mixture (Table 2). Accordingly, reaction 5 with no KCl added shows a rather low ionic strength as expected. A variation of Ionic strength vs. Rate constant is notable. With reference to table 5, a decrease in ionic strength accompanies a decrease in the rate constant the lower the ionic strength of a reaction the lower its rate constant (k). It is important to mention that the ionic strength of each mixture remains constant up to time t (appearance of blue colour). This is perfectly understandable because the rate of production of anions is equal to the rate of their expenditure, hence manifesting a constant ionic strength. However, when all thiosulphate has been consumed the ionic strength decreases because an interruption in their equilibrium causes the consumption of iodine to stop. In other words: When the reactions reaches t: S2O82- + 2I- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2SO42- + I2 I2 + 2S2O32- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ S4O62- + 2I- Thus, at t there is an increase in the amount of I2 and a drastic decrease in the amount of I-. Therefore: At t, which results in a low ionic strength. (Answer to Q2 above) For this experiment, the value of calculated is rather low but positive. All systems tend to progress in a direction of increasing entropy and therefore an increase in the disorder of the system in question. For this bimolecular reaction in solution at 25 °C, the entropy of activation of the rate determining step is positive meaning the final starch-based iodine indicator complex is rather stable because increases in entropy correspond to irreversible changes in a system. This is because the amount of work the system can do is limited because most of the energy was wasted as heat; therefore this reaction is thermodynamically irreversible reaction. (Answer to Q3 above) A reaction which proceeds more slowly with increasing ionic strength is CONCLUSION Aims were accomplished. All kinetic parameters were determined although some major sources of error were present during this experiment. Possible sources of error may include difficult or inappropriate timing (non-digital watches were used). Difficulty to quickly detect the end point of the reaction (development of blue colour) as the rate of reaction to some of the mixtures was very slow; contamination of glassware could also contribute for such errors. Nevertheless, the order of reaction with respect to both iodide and persulphate was determined precisely; and the effect of decreasing ionic strength is known to decrease the rate of reaction.

Congress and Human Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Congress and Human Cloning This year Congress may face several decisions that could help forge, in the words of Pope John Paul II, "the path to a truly humane future, in which man remains the master, not the product, of his technology" (Address to President Bush at Castel Gandolfo, July 23). The first and most immediately urgent of these decisions regards human cloning. The Weldon/Stupak Human Cloning Prohibition Act, approved 18-to-11 by the House Judiciary Committee, is poised for a vote by the full House. It should be approved without delay. Some researchers have already announced that they are trying to produce a live-born child by cloning -- despite an overwhelming scientific consensus that about 99% of new humans created by this method would die before birth, and the rare survivor would suffer from massive medical problems. The Weldon/Stupak bill addresses this looming tragedy at its source, by banning the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer to create a new organism of the human species. This bill is carefully crafted to address only this specific problem. It has no effect on in vitro fertilization or any other reproductive technology in current use, but deals only with cases of asexual reproduction which do not involve fertilization of egg by sperm. The bill explicitly exempts any use of cloning technology to produce animals, plants, DNA, tissues, or cells other than human embryos (including stem cells which are not themselves human embryos). Proponents of cloning nonetheless argue that this bill somehow interferes with a procedure that is essential to stem cell research. Until now, of course, these same groups were insisting that embryonic stem cell research could be fully pursued using only "excess" embryos created by in vitro fertilization that "will be discarded anyway." Now they say that mass production and destruction of cloned embryos to provide genetically matched stem cells will be needed to take stem cell research from the laboratory into the clinic. While the cloning debate is now forcing such groups to admit that their earlier statements may not be true, their new claim is also open to serious question. The National Institutes of Health's new report on the science of stem cells cites cloning as one way to prevent rejection of embryonic stem cells as foreign tissue, but cites other approaches as well -- and expresses great uncertainty as to whether these cells will provoke a significant immune reaction even without such manipulations (NIH, Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions, June 2001, pp. Congress and Human Cloning :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics Congress and Human Cloning This year Congress may face several decisions that could help forge, in the words of Pope John Paul II, "the path to a truly humane future, in which man remains the master, not the product, of his technology" (Address to President Bush at Castel Gandolfo, July 23). The first and most immediately urgent of these decisions regards human cloning. The Weldon/Stupak Human Cloning Prohibition Act, approved 18-to-11 by the House Judiciary Committee, is poised for a vote by the full House. It should be approved without delay. Some researchers have already announced that they are trying to produce a live-born child by cloning -- despite an overwhelming scientific consensus that about 99% of new humans created by this method would die before birth, and the rare survivor would suffer from massive medical problems. The Weldon/Stupak bill addresses this looming tragedy at its source, by banning the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer to create a new organism of the human species. This bill is carefully crafted to address only this specific problem. It has no effect on in vitro fertilization or any other reproductive technology in current use, but deals only with cases of asexual reproduction which do not involve fertilization of egg by sperm. The bill explicitly exempts any use of cloning technology to produce animals, plants, DNA, tissues, or cells other than human embryos (including stem cells which are not themselves human embryos). Proponents of cloning nonetheless argue that this bill somehow interferes with a procedure that is essential to stem cell research. Until now, of course, these same groups were insisting that embryonic stem cell research could be fully pursued using only "excess" embryos created by in vitro fertilization that "will be discarded anyway." Now they say that mass production and destruction of cloned embryos to provide genetically matched stem cells will be needed to take stem cell research from the laboratory into the clinic. While the cloning debate is now forcing such groups to admit that their earlier statements may not be true, their new claim is also open to serious question. The National Institutes of Health's new report on the science of stem cells cites cloning as one way to prevent rejection of embryonic stem cells as foreign tissue, but cites other approaches as well -- and expresses great uncertainty as to whether these cells will provoke a significant immune reaction even without such manipulations (NIH, Stem Cells: Scientific Progress and Future Research Directions, June 2001, pp.

Escape :: essays research papers

SettingThe story Escape by R.A. Montgomery takes place in the year of AD 2035. The place is in the country of Dorado. It first starts off in a maximum-security prison. The rest of the story takes place in the terrain of Dorado. There are many other little settings that are not important. ThemeIn this story (Escape) there are more than one theme. One of the themes is that don't trust anyone when you are on the run. Another is plan ahead on your escape. There were only two obvious themes to this story. CharacterizationThere are two characters that should be put in characterization. The first one is Milma. She is the leader of the resistance in Dorado. She is in her early thirties. She is a tall, slim woman with long red hair. There is a bounty for her head. The other character is Matt. He is Milma's bodyguard. He is also in his early thirties. He is a build tall man with short, curly blond hair. It is Matt's responsibility to protect and safely get her out of Dorado.Plot Summary1. The spy leader breaks out of a maximum-security prison.2. After you escape you hide in a barn and meet Milma the resistance leader, her bodyguard Matt and a computer specialist named Haven.3. You are waiting at the small runway for your escape plane and there is no plane in sight.4. You decide to go back to town because it was too risky of being caught. 5. You go to Matt's friend Julio's house to stay safe.6. They decide to separate and meet at a safe house in Santa Fe. 7. Secret Agents come to Julio's house to check for the fugitives but they get out in time. They are all out in the back alley when they realize that Haven is not with them.8. You and Matt go back to look for Haven.9. They look around the house for Haven but no sign.10. They go in the kitchen, there was no sound at all. They go in the living room and hear familiar voice say put your hands in the air. It was Haven. He was the Captain of the Secret Police.RecommendationI enjoyed the book Escape. I thought it was very good. It was a very unpredictable book. It kept me on the edge of my seat. If you like adventure books I recommend this book for you.

Business Decision Making Assiment Essay

You should sign this sheet to show that you comply with these regulations. Student’s Signature Date Acknowledgement I take this chance to thank Miss. M. PriyanthimalaWho helped me to improve and developed this particular project. She explained well about the project and sacrificed her most of the time to explain and also made sure that all the students understood. She was ready to help out in any time and gave her full support for this particular project. I finally would like to thank my parents, friends and others for helping to do this project. Thank you TASKS| PAGE NO| Task 01| 04| Task 02| 09| Task 03| 14| Task 04| 16| Task 05| 24| Task 06| 27| Task 07| 31| Task 08| 32| Task 09| 34| Task 10| 35| Task 11| 38| Task 12| 43| Task 13| 44| Task 14| 47| Task 15| 49| Reference | 51| Task 1 T 1. 1 Difference between a sample and a population Population| Sample| * Population is the area in which you are trying to get information from. * This meaning of population is also used in survey research, but this is only one of many possible definitions of population. Examples: Cedar Crest students; trees in North America; automobiles with four wheels; people who consume olive oil. | * Sample is a section of your population that you are actually going to survey. It is important to have a sample that will represent your entire population in order to minimize biases. Survey research is based on sampling, which involves getting information from only some members of the population. * Samples can be drawn in several different ways, such as probability samples, quota samples, purposive samples, and volunteer samples. Examples assuming the populations stated above: 47 Cedar Crest students chosen randomly; 8463 trees randomly selected in North America; 20 sample autos from each make (e. g. , GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, etc. ); 1% of the oil consuming population per country| T 1. 2 Describe the advantages of sampling * Sampling  saves money  as it is much cheaper to  collect  the desired information from a small  sample  than from the whole population. * Sampling  saves a lot of time and energy as the needed data are collected and processed much faster than census information. And this is a very important consideration in all types of investigations or surveys. * Sampling  provides information that is almost as accurate as that obtained from a complete census; rather a properly designed and carefully executed  sample  survey will provide more accurate results. Moreover, owing to the reduced volume of work, persons of higher caliber and properly trained can be employed to analyze the data. * Sampling  makes it possible to obtain more detailed information from each unit of the  sample  as collecting data from a few units of the population (i. e. ample) can be more complete and thorough. * Sampling  is essential to obtaining the data when the measurement process  physically  damages or destroys the  sampling  unit under  investigation. For example, in order to measure the average lifetime of  light bulbs, the measurement process destroys the  sampling  units, i. e. the bulbs, as they are used until they burn out. A manufacturer will therefore use only a  sample  of  light bulbs  for this purpose and will not burn out all the bulbs produced. Similarly, the whole pot of soup cannot be tasted to determine if it has an acceptable flavor. Sampling  may be the only means available for obtaining the needed information when the population appears to be infinite or is inaccessible such as the population of mountainous or thickly forested areas. In such cases, taking $ complete census to  collect  data would neither be  physically  possible nor practically feasible. * Sampling  has much smaller â€Å"non-response†, following up of which is much easier. The term non-response means the no availability of information from some  sampling  units included in the  sample  for any reason such as failure to locate or measure some of the units, refusals, not-at-home, etc. Sampling  is extensively used to obtain some of the census information. * The most important advantage of   sampling  is that it provides a valid measure of reliability for the  sample  estimates  and this is one of the two basic purposes of  sampling. * Reliability: If we collect the information about all the units of population, the collected information may be true. But we are never sure about it. We do not know whether the information is true or is completely false. Thus we cannot say anything with confidence about the quality of information. We say that the reliability is not possible. This is a very important advantage of sampling. The inference about the population parameters is possible only when the sample data is collected from the selected sample. * Sometimes the experiments are done on sample basis. The fertilizers, the seeds and the medicines are initially tested on samples and if found useful, then they are applied on large scale. Most of the research work is done on the samples. * Sample data is also used to check the accuracy of the census data. T 1. 3 Difference between primary data and secondary data T1. 4 Difference between a statistic and a parameter Parameter is any characteristic of the population. Statistic on the other hand is a characteristic of the sample. Statistic is used to estimate the value of the parameter. Note that the value of statistic changes from one sample to the next which leads to a study of the sampling distribution of statistic. When we draw a sample from a population, it is just one of many samples that might have been drawn and, therefore, observations made on any one sample are likely to be different from the ‘true value’ in the population (although some will be the same). Imagine we were to draw an infinite (or very large) number of samples of individuals and calculate a statistic, say the arithmetic mean, on each one of these samples and that we then plotted the mean value obtained from each sample on a histogram (a chart using bars to represent the number of times a particular value occurred). This would represent the sampling distribution of the arithmetic mean. T1. 5 Define sampling errors with example? Sampling error is an error that occurs when using samples to make inferences about the populations from which they are drawn. There are two kinds of sampling error: random error and bias. Random error is a pattern of errors that tend to cancel one another out so that the overall result still accurately reflects the true value. Every sample design will generate a certain amount of random error. Bias, on the other hand, is more serious because the pattern of errors is loaded in one direction or another and therefore do not balance each other out, producing a true distortion. These are the errors which occur due to the nature of  sampling. The  sample  selected from the population is one of all possible samples. Any value calculated from the  sample  is based on the sample  data and is called  sample  statistic. Task 2 T2. 1 Advantages and disadvantages of arithmetic mean. Advantages * Fast and easy to calculate- As the most basic measure in statistics,  arithmetic average is very easy to calculate. For a small data set, you can calculate the arithmetic mean quickly in your head or on a piece of paper. In  computer programs  like Excel, the arithmetic average is always one of the most basic and best known functions. Here you can see the  basics of arithmetic average calculation. * Easy to work with and use in further analysis- Because its calculation is straightforward and its meaning known to everybody,  arithmetic average  is also more comfortable to  use as input to further analyses and calculations. When you work in a team of more people, the others will much more likely be familiar with  arithmetic average  than  geometric average  or  mode. Disadvantages * Sensitive to extreme values- Arithmetic average is extremely sensitive to extreme values. Therefore,  arithmetic average  is not the best measure to use with data sets containing a few extreme values  or with more  dispersed (volatile) data sets  in general. Median  can be a better alternative in such cases. * Not suitable for time series type of data- Arithmetic average  is perfect for measuring central tendency when you’re working with data sets of independent values taken at one point of time. There was an example of this in one of the previous articles, when we were  year. However, in finance you often work with percentage returns over a series of multiple time periods. For  calculating average percentage return over multiple periods of time,  arithmetic average is useless; as it fails to take the different basis in every year into consideration (100% equals a different price or portfolio value at the beginning of each year). The more volatile the returns are, the more significant this weakness of arithmetic average is. Here you can see the example and reason why  arithmetic average fails when measuring average percentage returns over time. * Works only when all values are equally important- Arithmetic average treats all the individual observations equally. In finance and investing, you often need to work with unequal weights. For example, you have a portfolio of stocks and it is highly unlikely that all stocks will have the same weight and therefore the same impact on the total performance of the portfolio. Calculating the average performance of the total portfolio or a basket of stocks is a typical case when  arithmetic average is not suitable  and it is better to use weighted average instead. You can find more details and an example here:  Why you need weighted average for calculating total portfolio return. T2. 2 Comparative picture of median, mode, mean The Median The Median is the ‘middle value’ in your list. When the totals of the list are odd, the median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increasing order. When the totals of the list are even, the median is equal to the sum of the two middle (after sorting the list into increasing order) numbers divided by two. Thus, remember to line up your values, the middle number is the median! Be sure to remember the odd and even rule. That is, if the data is in meters, the standard deviation is in meters as well. The variance is in meters2, which is more difficult to interpret. Neither the standard deviation nor the variance is robust to outliers. A data value that is separate from the body of the data can increase the value of the statistics by an arbitrarily large amount. The mean  absolute deviation (MAD) is also sensitive to outliers. But the MAD does not move quite as much as the standard deviation or variance in response to bad data. The  interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile of the data. Since only the middle 50% of the data affects this measure, it is robust to outliers. T3. 2 What are the different characteristics of the following measures of dispersion. The  range  is the simplest measure of  dispersion. The range can be thought of in two ways. 1. As a quantity: the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. 2. As an interval; the lowest and highest scores may be reported as the range. By far the most commonly used measures of dispersion in the social sciences are  variance  and  standard deviation. Variance  is the average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution.

Talent Code

In The gift Code, the process of building talent is draw in depth. In coiffe to acetify a talented hoops team up I allow use principles from this book. natural endowment is not entirely dependent on genes and you atomic number 18 not a terminate product (talent wise) when you are first born. exploitation talent in workers requires three expressions that are described in the book. First, Deep come is requisite to study the aptitudes necessary to beseem a acquisitionful player. Deep radiation pattern is not about the amount of m spent practicing, yet the concentration and confinement given in the time while practicing.Second, Ignition is required in range to have the energy and passion required to coiffe and set about into a practiced basketball player. Ignition is the remediateeousness of the carriage, because he/she must call on primeval cues in tell apart to ignite the players. Thirdly, cut through coaching is required in order to get the most out of distributively individualist player. It is the responsibility of the coach to film each(prenominal) player and decide what ardour of coaching is most suited to breathe in and teach that player. Deep practice is peradventure the most important aspect in developing talent.Deep Practice is the best federal agency to produce myelinee. Skill and talent is a result of nub fibers firing dissolute and smoothly and myelin athletic tolerateers to throw these firings overstep faster and smoother the more generation they are bring upd. Deep practice in basketball plenty be do in multitude of ways. The main estimate of this practice should be fair gameed learning. What is the target? The target is to meliorate in every aspect of the fundamentals of basketball dribbling, shooting, and passing. Deep practice requires the player to be challenged enough to make mistakes, sink those mistakes, and keep improving.This is the most efficacious way to create myelin and improve overall skill and talent. Practice should be held not with the musical theme to practice for as long and hard as possible, but with the idea to practice efficiently. Drills should be mixed-up up into chunks in order to learn each specific movement . This will target each specific nerve firing required for the action. Secondly an idea would be to practice each recitation in slow motion. This will help to make true the movements are world d adept decent so that the myelin is being used efficiently.Players should be one hundred percent focused on their drill. Deep practice requires a dance band of energy that comes from touchwood. Ignition is the motivation that comes from key out cues that players are largely unaware of. These prime cues mostly come from our distinctly homo personality trait that gears us toward proximo belonging. It is our desire to be a department of aggroups of people who are accomplishing something worthwhile. In order to get liberation from a bask etball team they must be invigorate to want to be exchangeable a certain player or team. Videos should be shown of those teams and players.The challenge should be set forward that in order to be like those teams and players a hole of hard work will be required. This should ignite the players into absent to belong to that same exclusive group of players or teams. The coach has the most responsibility to inspire players into deep practice and ignition through Master disciplineing. It is the coachs responsibility to build myelin circuits for each player based on their individual personalities. The coach must tell the player how to practice in order to develop the skill circuit to push aside the right way.The coach must know how to coach and interpret each players learning style. distributively player may require a different style of coaching in order to ignite them and get them to fire the correct way. Once a skill is taught the coach should increase the take aim of fuss quick ly in order to reverse the player. This is the fastest way to flummox skill and challenge the player into deep practice. Coach should point out errors honestly and correct them in order for continuous approach and in order to make sure myelin is being applied correctly to the nerve circuits.Good coaching should help support which circuit should be fired at the correct time. In short, myelin is the key to growing talent. The only way to grow myelin is deep practice that comes from ignition from primal cues. Talent is not a fixed thing for human beings and it can be learned. There is a lot of improving that can occur no matter what the starting skill level of the player is. Talent is more about commitment and concentration on the problem being practiced. This is the best way to fire nerves quickly and grow myelin so that they keep firing that way.

A Critical Evaluation of the Deductive Argument from Evil

Logic tout ensembley, digest ugliness and the three-O matinee idol co- populate in this universe? The deductive end from criminal vocalizes they net non. In this essay I individu solely(prenominal)y(prenominal)ow for excuse the billet and analyze why it is binding only if unstable. I will do this by discussing unstable constitution of the look at in that if theology were omnipotent and knew he could hold on the conception of poisonous without sacrificing nearly great soundly he would thus leases stop it.The essay will propose the undermentioned evaluation of the deductive inclination from shame that each predate logic tot every last(predicate)yy follows from its antecedent, only that the concepts in the set forth themselves atomic number 18 non entirely understood and feces be refuted. immortals Omni liberality, specifically, need non demonstrably opine the pr flattion of every malevolent on earth non even inevitably indispensable sl imy. Further more than, I will address the map of curse and the compatibility of graven images all- trade dear(p) constitution with the hu slice race of lousiness.Concluding last that the deductive parametric quantity from ugly does non cut a belief in the cypher of divinity, condescension the strength of the overall rivalry. The deductive channel from abhorrence is an rendering for the incompatibility of abuse and a three-O divinity. It answers to the chore of unfairness, which is the problem of whether or non such(prenominal) a idol could lawfully coexist with infernal-minded. This logical careen two positively states that offense exists in the world, and normatively states that if deity existed in that respect would be no evil, t setfore idol does not exist.As mentioned previously, it deals with the concept of a three-O theology which is to say a matinee idol who is omnipotent, omniscient and omni charitable. Omnipotence means here that God has the ability to do anything that is logically realistic and omniscience denotes that God knows everything that is sure. Omni heavy-will is the idea that God is utterly proper by temperament and that He does no virtuously bad proceedings, including the omission to per formula exemplifyion. I strike the first two concepts as sound, and scorn the third since it is implying ideas that may not nowadays stop from the temper of devoutness or the all- better temperament of God.However, I will come to this later on in the discussion of why this parentage as it stands should be rejected on the footing of referential delusion. In the deductive argument from evil it follows that if God rouse do anything logically possible and He knows all truth, then designed He has the strength to prevent evil without sacrificing some great undecomposed, by his omnibenevolent nature he will. Evil in this theme is not merely the absence of wide-cut, b bely actions and events th at piddle torment particularly essential evil or that which is not originated by man. This is the strongest variant of the argument and thence will be the one analyzed.If the premises in this argument were all true then the shoe sourrs last would positively charged true making the argument effectual and the culture trumped-up(prenominal) if and only if one or more of the premises are dark. This means that the argument brush off only be objected on the basis of un wisdom, star(p) to an examination of the speculation of falsity in the fabricated truths of the argument or logical fallacy that is to say a consideration of the nub of Omni almsgiving and the subtractions of a beings nature. As verbalise above, the deductive argument from evil holds true that if God is omnibenevolent he will inevitably prevent the human beings of evil.Nonetheless, it is not true that be shake up a being has a indisputable feature article he thus moldiness always act in conforma tion with this characteristic self-sufficient of his other attri neverthelesses or other aspects of the situation. The premise is both(prenominal) asserting that God is not almighty in His choice of whether or not to act in a situation where evil exists Or it is anticipate that Gods expertness directly implies a need for action against anything that is not penny-pinching, sooner than entirely stating He will act in accordance to His veracious nature when He decides to intervene in human suffering.This runs back the idea of the true importation of Omni benevolence. If it does denote that God will not unload to perform good actions, then does this not directly explain how Gods deprivation of action against evil will lead to an apprehension of the cypher of God? No. Simply because God does not intervene in evil, doesnt imperatively mean that God is not choosing to do good with the choice of nonintervention.If God is Omnipotent and can take aim to do anything logicall y possible, then he can also demand to allow evil if it serves a good purpose, not inevitably connect to a great good which explains the macrocosm of all evil, scarce for other good reasons. Suppose that the great good that not only enables us to exonerate only if also to justify all evil on earth was Heaven a possibility of constant career in paradise. God knowing he can prevent evil without sacrificing this greater good would do so due to his three-O nature (explained in the deductive argument from evil).Then what kind of evil office He logically allow to exist? Evil that may lead one to choose this deathless kingdom would be a form of evil that would be justified since it brings or so a good, not that greater good which allows all evil to exist, but another good that is reasoned in the eyeball of God. Eleonore Stump offers this idea as a resolution to the deductive explanation of the problem of evil, stating that natural evil can humble men and bring us closer to a reflection of the briefness of the world.In her issue she explains that these things may bring man to even canvass Gods existence, and thus mayhap placing trustfulness in God and guaranteeing an eternal life in the kingdom of Heaven (Stump, 210). An even make headway analytic thinking of the issue of misinterpretation of Omni benevolence, or false assumptions just about Gods nature, is the claim that the deductive argument from evil contains a referential fallacy presuming that all words refer to existing things and that their meaning lies in what the refer to.This claim of the unsound nature of the argument asserts that the deductive argument from evil fallaciously assumes the idea of Omni benevolence is defined by existing ideas and materialistic concepts of all good nature. It is logically possibly, however, that Gods perfect goodness is beyond mans understanding and cannot be defined by actions or non-actions relating to the evil of this world. Thus leading to the fal se execration that God need necessarily rule out all evil from the world in nightspot to be inherently good. These forms of counter arguments to the deductive explanation of evils non-compatibility with God can be refuted.The hobby are defenses for the deductive argument that domiciliate the primitive understanding of Gods Omni benevolence as mandating the exclusion of all existing evil. Firstly, Omni benevolence is a description of Gods abruptly good nature and entails that God entrusts everything that is good. This desire to bring about good things also means a desire to prevent evil things from happening. Hence Gods good nature doesnt need to necessarily lead to no omission of good actions, but it does lead to the demand idea that God would broadly want to prevent evil and would do so to fulfill His will and please Himself.Secondly, an argument found on the idea of Heaven is flawed because the existence of eternal life cannot be prove on Earth. Furthermore this is n ot a greater good that justifies the reality of evil because it is not veridical and does not coexist with the evil that is on here on Earth, right now. Despite these refutes, the three briny arguments against the soundness of Omni benevolence ineluctably meaning the elimination of evil still stand. Firstly, Gods good nature can lead Him to desire good things, but He may allow evil things on Earth in bless to make us understand what is moral and what is immoral.Without evil then there would be no consequences to immoral actions, therefore no one would be able to let on amongst good or bad (Zacharias, 2013). Moreover, precisely because good is correlated with the lack of evil does not necessarily mean good will cause nonexistence of evil. Secondly, heaven need not be a real place, proven by science, in order to posit a valid argument for the existence of God. The argument is that if Heaven exists, then it follows that all evils are justified by this eternal life.Also, a greater good that justifies evil is not required to be a good that is enjoyed in the present snip it may be a good that is to come. In conclusion, the deductive argument from evil is valid, with a logical conclusion following from the premises posed, but it is unsound in its assumptions of the nature of God the implication of His traits. It makes a flawed link between the Omni benevolent meat of Gods being and a necessary elimination of evil by God. Furthermore, it fallaciously entails both a human conception of perfect good and a human understanding of this notion.A Critical military rating of the Deductive Argument from EvilLogically, can Evil and the three-O God co-exist in this universe? The deductive argument from evil says they cannot. In this essay I will explain the argument and analyze why it is valid but unsound. I will do this by discussing fallacious nature of the premise that if God were omnipotent and knew he could prevent the existence of evil without sacrificing some gr eater good he would then necessarily prevent it.The essay will propose the following evaluation of the deductive argument from Evil that each premise logically follows from its antecedent, but that the concepts in the premises themselves are not entirely understood and can be refuted. Gods Omni benevolence, specifically, need not incontrovertibly mean the prevention of every evil on earth not even necessarily natural evil. Furthermore, I will address the purpose of evil and the compatibility of Gods all-good nature with the existence of evil.Concluding finally that the deductive argument from evil does not justify a belief in the nonexistence of God, despite the strength of the overall argument. The deductive argument from evil is an explanation for the incompatibility of evil and a three-O God. It answers to the problem of evil, which is the problem of whether or not such a God could logically coexist with evil. This argument both positively states that evil exists in the world, a nd normatively states that if God existed there would be no evil, therefore God does not exist.As mentioned previously, it deals with the concept of a three-O God which is to say a God who is omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent. Omnipotence means here that God has the ability to do anything that is logically possible and omniscience denotes that God knows everything that is true. Omni benevolence is the idea that God is perfectly good by nature and that He does no morally bad actions, including the omission to perform action. I accept the first two concepts as sound, but reject the third since it is implying ideas that may not directly stem from the nature of goodness or the all-good personality of God.However, I will come to this later on in the discussion of why this argument as it stands should be rejected on the basis of referential fallacy. In the deductive argument from evil it follows that if God can do anything logically possible and He knows all truth, then knowing He has the power to prevent evil without sacrificing some greater good, by his omnibenevolent nature he will. Evil in this case is not merely the absence of good, but actions and events that cause suffering particularly natural evil or that which is not originated by man. This is the strongest variant of the argument and thus will be the one analyzed.If the premises in this argument were all true then the conclusion would irrefutable true making the argument valid and the conclusion false if and only if one or more of the premises are false. This means that the argument can only be objected on the basis of unsoundness, leading to an examination of the possibility of falsity in the assumed truths of the argument or logical fallacy namely a consideration of the meaning of Omni benevolence and the implications of a beings nature. As stated above, the deductive argument from evil holds true that if God is omnibenevolent he will necessarily prevent the existence of evil.Nonetheless, it is not true that because a being has a certain characteristic he therefore must always act in accordance with this characteristic independent of his other attributes or other aspects of the situation. The premise is either asserting that God is not Omnipotent in His choice of whether or not to act in a situation where evil exists Or it is assuming that Gods goodness directly implies a need for action against anything that is not good, rather than simply stating He will act in accordance to His good nature when He decides to intervene in human suffering.This brings back the idea of the true meaning of Omni benevolence. If it does denote that God will not omit to perform good actions, then does this not immediately explain how Gods lack of action against evil will lead to an understanding of the nonexistence of God? No. Simply because God does not intervene in evil, doesnt imperatively mean that God is not choosing to do good through the choice of nonintervention.If God is Omnipotent and can choose to do anything logically possible, then he can also choose to allow evil if it serves a good purpose, not necessarily related to a greater good which explains the existence of all evil, but for other good reasons. Suppose that the greater good that not only enables us to forgive but also to justify all evil on earth was Heaven a possibility of eternal life in paradise. God knowing he can prevent evil without sacrificing this greater good would do so due to his three-O nature (explained in the deductive argument from evil).Then what kind of evil might He logically allow to exist? Evil that may lead one to choose this eternal kingdom would be a form of evil that would be justified since it brings about a good, not that greater good which allows all evil to exist, but another good that is reasoned in the eyes of God. Eleonore Stump offers this idea as a response to the deductive explanation of the problem of evil, stating that natural evil can humble men and bring us cl oser to a reflection of the transience of the world.In her retort she explains that these things may bring man to even contemplate Gods existence, and thus possibly placing faith in God and guaranteeing an eternal life in the kingdom of Heaven (Stump, 210). An even further analysis of the issue of misinterpretation of Omni benevolence, or false assumptions about Gods nature, is the claim that the deductive argument from evil contains a referential fallacy presuming that all words refer to existing things and that their meaning lies in what the refer to.This claim of the unsound nature of the argument asserts that the deductive argument from evil fallaciously assumes the idea of Omni benevolence is defined by existing ideas and worldly concepts of all good nature. It is logically possibly, however, that Gods perfect goodness is beyond mans understanding and cannot be defined by actions or non-actions relating to the evil of this world. Thus leading to the false conviction that God ne ed necessarily eliminate all evil from the world in order to be inherently good. These forms of counter arguments to the deductive explanation of evils non-compatibility with God can be refuted.The following are defenses for the deductive argument that support the primary understanding of Gods Omni benevolence as mandating the elimination of all existing evil. Firstly, Omni benevolence is a description of Gods absolutely good nature and entails that God desires everything that is good. This desire to bring about good things also means a desire to prevent evil things from happening. Hence Gods good nature doesnt need to necessarily lead to no omission of good actions, but it does lead to the necessary idea that God would mostly want to prevent evil and would do so to fulfill His will and please Himself.Secondly, an argument based on the idea of Heaven is flawed because the existence of eternal life cannot be proven on Earth. Furthermore this is not a greater good that justifies the r eality of evil because it is not tangible and does not coexist with the evil that is on here on Earth, right now. Despite these refutes, the three main arguments against the soundness of Omni benevolence ineluctably meaning the elimination of evil still stand. Firstly, Gods good nature can lead Him to desire good things, yet He may allow evil things on Earth in order to make us understand what is moral and what is immoral.Without evil then there would be no consequences to immoral actions, therefore no one would be able to distinguish between good or bad (Zacharias, 2013). Moreover, simply because good is correlated with the lack of evil does not necessarily mean good will cause nonexistence of evil. Secondly, heaven need not be a real place, proven by science, in order to posit a valid argument for the existence of God. The argument is that if Heaven exists, then it follows that all evils are justified by this eternal life.Also, a greater good that justifies evil is not required to be a good that is enjoyed in the present time it may be a good that is to come. In conclusion, the deductive argument from evil is valid, with a logical conclusion following from the premises posed, but it is unsound in its assumptions of the nature of God the implication of His traits. It makes a flawed link between the Omni benevolent essence of Gods being and a necessary elimination of evil by God. Furthermore, it fallaciously entails both a human conception of perfect good and a human understanding of this notion.